The 1990s period reframed sourcing as a strategic capability, focusing on configuring and governing the supplier base to enhance performance, quality, and adaptability. Research emphasizes integration with product development, cross-functional teaming, early supplier involvement, and aligned processes, alongside a shift toward performance-based sourcing and long-term supplier relationships. Methodologically, the literature blends empirical studies with model-based decision tools to map supplier criteria and their interdependencies, signaling a move from transactional purchasing to holistic supplier management.